A columnist on the pro-life website “Live Action” has an article up today regarding the South Dakota State House State Affairs committee putting the brakes on Governor Kristi Noem’s fetal heartbeat bill.  And in particular, the author, Mike Feuz, is taking issue with politics getting in the way of the Governor’s initiative, as House members refused to allow the measure to be given a hearing:

According to the Leader, South Dakota legislative committees typically give every governor’s bill a hearing. Instead, the governor’s proposal has been blocked since Day One by the same lawmakers who say a more stringent bill will endanger unborn children. This is a ridiculous argument, akin to Kasich’s argument that taxpayers shouldn’t fund every effort to protect innocents and their families from the predatory abortion industry.

Like in Ohio, opponents to the South Dakota heartbeat bill now consist of certain pro-lifers as well as abortion supporters. Prominent opponents to the Texas version include pro-abortion groups including Planned Parenthood and the Center for Reproductive Rights. It makes zero sense for the two most pro-abortion groups in the nation to agree with South Dakota conservative pro-life legislators against heartbeat bills.

When elected officials put byzantine politics ahead of protecting the unborn, bad things happen and good things are prevented.

Read the entire article here.

What do you think? Should legislators have at least given the bill a hearing?

The crisis at our southern border is the worst in our nation’s history, and the Biden administration bears full responsibility. During President Biden’s first year in office, there were nearly 2 million illegal border crossing attempts. Instead of listening to early warnings from border experts, the president caved to the far-left and refused to acknowledge the humanitarian crisis unfolding right in front of him. Not literally in front of him, I suppose, since the president hasn’t actually visited the crisis zones on our southern border at any point during his entire career as a senator, vice president, or president. During his first year as president, he’s largely ignored the crisis from the comfort of the White House in Washington. 

The Biden administration has single-handedly escalated this crisis, and it has refused to implement meaningful policies that will deter illegal immigrants from coming across our border – it has essentially created a haven for illegal border crossers. Now, instead of addressing the real security and humanitarian crisis that this massive wave of illegal immigration represents, the president and his administration have doubled down, resisting court orders to reinstate the Remain in Mexico policy and conducting migrant relocation flights in the dead of night.

The southern border crisis is not only a problem for border states. It is impacting communities all across our country, including ours in South Dakota. The president’s failed policies make every state a border state. He and others in his administration can’t waste another minute by plugging their ears and covering their eyes. They must act now.

When I traveled to the southern border last April, I didn’t think it could get any worse than what I was seeing at that time. Well, I was wrong. Currently, there is a massive increase of fentanyl being smuggled across the border to states all around the country, with seizures up an average of 134 percent – 1,000 percent in south Texas alone. But this poison obviously doesn’t stay there. It makes its way to communities across the country. Fentanyl overdoses are now the leading cause of death for Americans between the ages of 18 to 45. You would think that statistics like these would snap the Biden administration back to reality, but in fact, Vice President Kamala Harris – the president’s designated border czar – has yet to travel to the border for more than a scripted photo op since taking office.

What’s just as concerning to me are recent reports that revealed U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement has been releasing large numbers of illegal immigrants into communities around the country. After migrants are processed at a makeshift border facility, they are put onto planes and scattered throughout the country. This is inexcusable and only encourages continued waves of illegal migration.

Now don’t get me wrong, immigration has helped build this country, and I strongly support making sure that the United States continues to offer a chance for individuals to achieve their dream of a better life and positively contribute to our nation. I also support temporary worker programs, like the H-2B visa program, that allow individuals from other countries to come to the United States for a limited time period before returning to their home countries. This is a critical program for supplementing domestic workers that enables South Dakota businesses, like those in the tourism industry, to handle peak seasonal demand. I have introduced legislation to make this supplemental system more reliable for our employers. But we cannot have endless floods of illegal immigration that fly in the face of our laws and overwhelm the men and women who are trying to protect our country. Immigration has to have limits, and, most of all, it has to be legal.

The administration should prioritize strong border security, stop the rampant abuse of the asylum system, and crack down on the traffickers and cartels that prey on migrants. President Biden has the power to start ending this crisis today by enforcing immigration laws and asserting that the way to come to this country is by doing it legally. It’s time for the president and his border czar to get out of Washington, D.C., to see the crisis they have created and take action before it gets any worse.  

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The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) is set to implement the Entry-Level Driver Training (ELDT) rule on February 7—this Monday. This rule imposes new requirements on entry-level Commercial Driver License (CDL) applicants before they can get behind the wheel. These regulations–originally mandated as part of the 2012 surface transportation reauthorization bill known as MAP-21–requires drivers to complete their training from a provider on the FMCSA’s Training Provider Registry List. 

While well-intended, these new requirements come at a terrible time. We are in the midst of a global supply chain crisis, intensified by an ongoing labor shortage. The American Trucking Associations reports there is a shortage of more than 80,000 truck drivers – I’ve heard for weeks from truck drivers who have said this will disrupt their business and make things worse.

I have been working with my colleagues to delay the ELDT rule, but unfortunately the Biden Administration remains largely unreceptive. This week, I sent a letter to Secretary Buttigieg, urging him to listen to the boots on the ground and delay the implementation of these new requirements.

In November, I sent a letter to Secretary Buttigieg urging reimplementation of the FMCSA’s Under-21 Commercial Driver Pilot Program. The Administration just recently re-started the program, however, the current handling of the supply chain crisis seems to be one step forward, two steps back. Many are concerned that these ELDT requirements will only compound the supply chain crisis and hurt prospective CDL applicants, especially those in rural areas, as well as those pursuing part-time employment in the trucking industry. This will disincentivize new truck drivers from joining the industry, increasing the truck driver shortage.

While the Ocean Shipping Reform Act that Congressman Garamendi (D-CA) and I introduced will help combat part of the supply chain crisis – having readily available truck drivers to transport American goods around the country is a necessity of a proper-functioning supply chain. 

Pump the brakes, Secretary Buttigieg. We need common sense solutions that solve our current crisis, and the new ELDT rule isn’t one of them.

P.S. – If you want to know if the provider near you is qualified as a training provider, you can find a list at https://tpr.fmcsa.dot.gov/. You’ll need to scroll down until you see the “Do you need to find a training provider?” section. Once there, click on “Download the list of registered training providers.” This link will allow users to download a spreadsheet of the ELDT training locations that have registered with FMCSA. Please note the regulations are not retroactive—they do not apply to people who hold these licenses or endorsements prior to February 7, 2022, or who renew them prior to expiration.

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Thune Takes IRS to Task for Intrusive Identity Verification Measures

Senators ask IRS how new partnership with outside vendor will affect private taxpayer information and civil liberties

WASHINGTON — U.S. Sen. John Thune (R-S.D.), a member of the Senate Finance Committee and the top Republican on the Subcommittee on Taxation and IRS Oversight, recently joined several of his Senate Republican colleagues in raising serious concerns with the Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS’s) announcement of a major expansion of its collaboration with ID.me that will require taxpayers to have an account to access key IRS online resources. In order to register with ID.me, taxpayers will need to submit a trove of personal information, including sensitive biometric data, starting in the summer of 2022.

“The IRS has unilaterally decided to allow an outside contractor to stand as the gatekeeper between citizens and necessary government services,” the senators wrote. “The decision millions of Americans are forced to make is to pay the toll of giving up their most personal information, biometric data, to an outside contractor or return to the era of a paper-driven bureaucracy where information moves slow, is inaccurate, and some would say is processed in ways incompatible with contemporary life.”

The senators identify a number of problematic issues and raise serious questions, including, but not limited to:

• The intrusive verification measures that may be required of taxpayers, such as submitting to ID.me biometric data like a video “selfie” – an identifier that cannot be changed if compromised, unlike a password;
• Cybersecurity standards, and how such sensitive data will be stored and protected;
• Oversight issues, since ID.me is not subject to the same oversight rules as a government agency; and
• What assurances and rights are allowed taxpayers within the collaboration, as it appears taxpayers would be subject to multiple terms of agreement filled with dense legal print.

In addition to Thune, the letter, which was led by U.S. Sen. Mike Crapo (R-Idaho), was signed by U.S. Sens. John Barrasso (R-Wyo.), Marsha Blackburn (R-Tenn.), Richard Burr (R-N.C.), Bill Cassidy (R-La.), John Cornyn (R-Texas), Steve Daines (R-Mont.), Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa), James Lankford (R-Okla.), Rob Portman (R-Ohio), Ben Sasse (R-Neb.), Tim Scott (R-S.C.), Pat Toomey (R-Pa.), and Todd Young (R-Ind.).

 

Full letter below:

The Honorable Charles P. Rettig
Commissioner
Internal Revenue Service
1111 Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20224

Dear Commissioner Rettig:

On November 17, 2021, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) announced a major expansion of its collaboration with ID.me that will require, starting in the summer of 2022, taxpayers to have an ID.me account in order to access key IRS online resources.  While we understand the IRS’s use of ID.me is intended to protect data and reduce fraud, we have serious concerns about how ID.me may affect confidential taxpayer information and fundamental civil liberties.

To access IRS online services, including to check on the status of a return, view balances and payments received, obtain a transcript, and enter into an online payment agreement, taxpayers will soon be required to register for an ID.me account. As part of the registration, ID.me requires a trove of personal information, which may include one or more of the following: (1) government-issued photo ID, (2) passport, (3) birth certificate, (4) Form W-2, (5) social security card, (6) veteran health ID card, (7) DHS trusted traveler card, (8) video “selfie” with a smartphone or webcam, (9) utility bill, (10) insurance bill, (11) telephone bill, and (12) a recorded video interview with an ID.me employee.

The list above is not exhaustive. There are other items ID.me may require. The most intrusive verification item is the required “selfie,” which is much more than simply uploading a picture; it is submitting one’s face to be digitally analyzed by ID.me into a “faceprint.” Additionally, using ID.me appears to subject taxpayers to the terms of three separate agreements filled with dense legal fine print:  a privacy policy agreement, a terms of service agreement, and a “Biometric Data Consent and Policy.”

ID.me‘s “Biometric Data Consent and Policy” defines biometric data as including “fingerprints, voiceprints, hand scans, facial geometry recognition and iris or retina recognition.” Unlike a password, authenticator application, or hardware key, biometric items can never be changed.

We are deeply concerned for many reasons. The government and private companies have an unfortunate history of data breaches. The examples are many. Two of the most prominent are the Office of Personnel Management breach, where the government failed to protect some of its critical employees’ most sensitive identity details, and the recent Pro Publica leak, exposed the legally protected confidential taxpayer information of many American taxpayers. There is ample evidence to be very concerned about an IRS contractor’s ability to safely manage, collect and store this unprecedented level of confidential, personal data. To put this in perspective, in 2019 the IRS estimated it faced 1.4 billion cyber-attacks annually.   It is highly likely, with personal information on a reported 70 million individuals, including biometric data, ID.me could be a top target for cyber-criminals, rogue employees, and espionage.

The IRS has unilaterally decided to allow an outside contractor to stand as the gatekeeper between citizens and necessary government services. The decision millions of Americans are forced to make is to pay the toll of giving up their most personal information, biometric data, to an outside contractor or return to the era of a paper-driven bureaucracy where information moves slow, is inaccurate, and some would say is processed in ways incompatible with contemporary life.   Of concern, also, is that ID.me is not, to our knowledge, subject to the same oversight rules as a government agency, such as the Freedom of Information Act, the Privacy Act of 1974, and multiple checks and balances.

We are interested in obtaining more information about the IRS’s collaboration with ID.me. We also ask that you please respond in writing to the following questions and requests by February 27, 2022, and provide a subsequent briefing to review your written responses.

1. How did the IRS decide to require taxpayers to submit their personal information, including biometric data, to an outside vendor, in order to access certain online IRS resources?
2. What due diligence did the IRS complete to ensure taxpayer’s information would be protected before entering into a contract with ID.me?
3. What oversight does the IRS exercise over ID.me after entering into an agreement with them?
4. In order to register with ID.me to access an IRS online account, must one agree, or be subject to, ID.me‘s privacy policy agreement, terms of service agreement, and Biometric Data Consent and Policy
5. Before contracting with ID.me, did the IRS verify that ID.me‘s entire system had gone through an independent cyber-security audit? If yes, are such audits periodic?
6. List all the types of taxpayer data that will be collected and stored by ID.me. Where will the data be stored? How long will the data be stored? What safeguards are in place to protect the data?
7. Can an ID.me employee access information uploaded to ID.me by taxpayers? If yes, how does the IRS ensure this taxpayer information is not abused?
8. Will taxpayers have the ability to remove all their data from ID.me‘s storage? Does removal equate to permanent deletion from all devices where the data is stored? Assuming permanent deletion is possible, how long does it take from request to actual permanent deletion?
9. If the IRS cancels its collaboration with ID.me, or the contract’s term expires, what will happen to the personal information submitted by taxpayers?
10. How does the IRS’s contract with ID.me navigate state laws limiting the use of biometric data (e.g., the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act)?
11. Does the IRS know how ID.me‘s required “selfies” are analyzed (e.g., are digital forensics employed to analyze a picture’s metadata, EXIF data, depth map, facial geometry, or 1:1 or 1:many facial recognition)?
12. Considering the IRS has encountered unprecedented difficulty handling the volume of taxpayer correspondence and telephone calls, does the IRS or ID.me gather information about the taxpayer experience with ID.me (e.g., customer satisfaction, hold times, number of repeated contacts, and difficulties with facial recognition technology)? What mechanisms are in place to ensure quality service by ID.me?
13. What contingency plans are in place for an event in which ID.me has a data breach that includes taxpayer information?
14. Please describe the IRS’s process to make ID.me a “trusted technology provider.”
15. What criminal penalties would IRS employees or contractors face who intentionally or negligently release taxpayer’s personal information without their consent?

Thank you for your immediate consideration of this matter.

Sincerely,

 

Imagine teaching your child that our country was founded on racism, or that hard work is not a virtue, or that a young boy or girl should be ashamed of themselves because of their skin color. As a mom and as a grandma, I can’t even begin to imagine poisoning my child with those lies. But believe it or not, lessons like those are being taught to children in America’s K-12 schools and universities. As governor, I want to keep that from happening in South Dakota.

You might have heard about it on TV or read about it on the internet: Critical Race Theory, a neo-Marxist philosophy that says the United States is racist to the core, that equal opportunity is a myth, and that the American Dream is a lie. There are some folks who deny that it’s being taught to kids. They claim it’s a concept that’s just studied in universities or in law schools. Wrong. The truth is, the proponents of Critical Race Theory are hiding their anti-American philosophy in plain sight: in colorful children’s books, revisionist textbooks, and radical lesson plans designed to indoctrinate children into their way of thinking.

Critical Race Theory is embedded in books like “Antiracist Baby,” which teaches children at the earliest of ages not to be colorblind, and even tells them to “confess” to being racist. It’s in the 1619 Project—a series of New York Times articles that invent lies about our country’s history, even teaching that the American Revolution was fought to preserve slavery. Today, those articles are forming the basis of a new curriculum that is being used in 4,500 schools nationwide. And it’s in the curriculum that tells teachers to “challenge the ways that math is used to uphold capitalist, imperialist, racist views.”

If it’s not enough that some schools are teaching kids ideas that are entirely against everything that America stands for, they’re also turning children into political pawns. Through “Action Civics,” students are being forced to take part in political protests. Instead of teaching children our nation’s history, the founding principles, or even the structure of our government, Action Civics unleashes them on the streets as activists, turning them into foot soldiers for partisan fights they may not even understand.

And under President Biden, the U.S. Department of Education is rubber-stamping these materials and using federal dollars to entice school districts into teaching this harmful ideology. In July 2021, I signed an executive order preventing South Dakota schools from being able to apply for federal grants in history or civics until the legislature could provide a solution to this indoctrination from the federal government.

We will not stand for this in South Dakota. Racial division and political activism will have no place in our classrooms. That’s why I have introduced two bills to put a stop to it before it spreads to our state. The first bill ensures that our public schools are not indoctrinating kids and teachers with Critical Race Theory and that students won’t be compelled to engage in political activism. The second bill extends protections against Critical Race Theory to college students and employees, too, while also preserving academic freedom.

It’s also important to note what these bills will not do. They do not prevent difficult conversations about racism, or lessons about moments in the past when we have failed to live up to our American ideals. Bad books and ideas should be balanced, not banned, and students should have access to a wide range of perspectives. But overtly divisive lessons that teach children to hate America should not be forced on a captive audience of young students.

No child should be taught that someone is better or less than someone else because of their skin color. No child should be forced to participate in riots, protests, or lobbying to push a political agenda. And no child should be taught that America is racist, or that the American Dream is not for them. It’s time to put Critical Race Theory and Action Civics in the ash heap of history where they belong.

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The Argus Leader has a story tonight of an apparently acrimonious working relationship between Speaker of the House Spencer Gosch and Governor Kristi Noem.

Did I say working? I don’t seem to think that the leader of the House of Representatives is working with the Governor on much of anything:

“As for the personal attacks, DC politics are not welcome here,” Gosch said. “South Dakotans deserve better from their elected officials, and that’s what they can expect from their Legislature as we continue the crucial work of ending abortion in America.”

Noem said generally her relationship with other Republican leaders in the House, as well as the Senate, is positive, but said it’s obvious Gosch has chosen to repeatedly attack her for reasons she’s not aware of.

and..

“There’s something, some reason this guy doesn’t like me and it seems like a personal agenda but I don’t know what it is.”

Read the entire story here.

Attorney General Jason Ravnsborg is speaking to the press today on a couple of subjects, including how he believes investigators were looking at the September 2020 car accident which has been the subject of significant scrutiny, as well as speaking to delegates about the next election around the corner.

According to the article by Stephen Groves of the Associated Press:

“I was willing to take a lie detector test. I was willing to go to North Dakota,” Ravnsborg said when asked to respond to the investigators’ testimony. “I took their testimony to basically say that they didn’t want me to because they knew I would tell the truth. So I think that speaks volumes.”

and..

He acknowledged that he had been making calls to the state Republican party’s delegates, who in June will decide the party’s nominee for attorney general, though he cast it as part of his regular order of business. Ravnsborg would face Republican Marty Jackley, his predecessor, at the state convention.

Read the entire article here.

Gov. Noem to Sign Fairness in Women’s Sports Legislation

PIERRE, S.D. – Today, Governor Kristi Noem will sign Senate Bill 46, which protects fairness in women’s sports. Governor Noem will hold a public signing at 4 pm CT in the Rotunda of the South Dakota State Capitol. The bill signing will be livestreamed on Facebook atFacebook.com/GovNoem.

Following the bill signing, Governor Noem will be holding a press conference at approximately 4:15 pm CT. Below is the information for that press conference:

WHAT: Governor Noem to hold press conference after signing fairness in women’s sports legislation

WHEN: 4:15 pm CT / 3:15 pm MT

WHERE: South Dakota State Capitol – Governor’s Large Conference Room

CALL #: 1-866-410-8397; Conference Code: 833-598-7236

LIVESTREAM: SD.net; Facebook.com/GovNoem

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For some reason, Representative Milstead has a problem with the executive branch seeking passage of legislation, and wants those in the executive branch to only do the bidding of the State Legislature. According to her bill, House Concurrent Resolution 6005:

2022 South Dakota Legislature
House Concurrent Resolution 6005

Introduced by: Representative Milstead

A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION, Urging the executive branch to refrain from seeking or promoting specific legislative outcomes.

WHEREAS, the First Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the right of the people to petition their government; and

WHEREAS, the right to petition the government often involves transmitting information and articulating how a legislative decision will likely affect a particular issue, cause, circumstance, or group of people; and

WHEREAS, given the realities of work commitments and travel constraints, the right of the people to petition their government is often exercised, on their behalf, by lobbyists; and

WHEREAS, lobbying has, since its earliest days, been a mechanism by which the people could, directly or indirectly, participate in the legislative decision-making process; and

WHEREAS, the right of the people to petition their government does not, through a metamorphical process, extend to or become a right or obligation of the executive branch; and

WHEREAS, Article II of the Constitution of South Dakota promotes a system of checks and balances through the creation of three distinct branches of government, each having specifically prescribed duties; and

WHEREAS, while the Constitution of South Dakota assigns to the Legislature the power to legislate, it assigns to the executive branch only the duty to faithfully execute the law;

WHEREAS, it is a direct conflict of interest for the executive branch to introduce legislation that, once enacted, is subject to the executive branch’s independent exercise of enforcement authority;

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, by the House of Representatives of the Ninety-Seventh Legislature of the State of South Dakota, the Senate concurring therein, that the executive branch is urged to serve as a transparent resource in the provision of accurate and objective information to the Legislature, but to refrain from utilizing public resources, directly or indirectly, to introduce legislation or lobby members of the Legislature, in an attempt to seek, or promote, a specific legislative outcome.

Let me wrap my arms around this.. in our strong governor/part-time legislature system, Rep. Milstead wants it declared that the Legislature exclusively has “the power to legislate,” and the executive branch has “only the duty to faithfully execute the law.”

So, Governor Mickelson should not have created a revolving fund for business development, Governor Janklow should not have advocated for wiring the schools, Governor Rounds should never have suggested we turn Homestake Mine into a world class science center, and forget Governor Daugaard saying we needed to fix roads.  And absolutely nevermind Kristi Noem leading South Dakota through the COVID crisis.

If you didn’t catch it. The previous paragraph was sarcasm. Because the resolution is utterly preposterous.

It’s a bit ironic that this resolution comes from the House of Representatives, they can hardly agree on anything within their own chamber much less work across the rotunds with a currently more stable and unified State Senate to accomplish major policy items.  South Dakota is long used to the Governor leading, and equally used to the legislature coming to Pierre for several weeks in the winter and hopefully not doing too much damage.

The big chair on the second floor advocates for progress and gets to shoulder the solving of big problems. It’s what the people elect them to do. And it’s silly to have a resolution to literally disobey voters who demand that the Governor fix things.

Sorry, but this resolution does little more than come off as covetous of Governor Noem’s ability to exercise the authority of the office.

If House members don’t like it, they always know where they can take petitions out to give it a run themselves.

Steve Kolbeck announces election for South Dakota Senate

Steve Kolbeck of Brandon today announced that he is seeking election to the South Dakota Senate to represent the newly formed District 2.

“It is my pleasure to announce that I have circulated petitions, filed them and will appear on the ballot to represent the newly formed District 2 in the Brandon, Valley Springs, Corson, Rowena, and Sioux Falls area,” Kolbeck said. “Having previously won elections to the Brandon City Council and the South Dakota Public Utilities Commission, representing Brandon in the state Legislature would be a great honor.

“I ask for your continued trust and support in my campaign for the state Senate. My top priorities will be to work hard, listen and do my best for the great state of South Dakota,” Kolbeck added.

Originally from Salem, S.D., Kolbeck and his family have lived in Brandon since 1998. He was elected to the Brandon City Council in 2004 and served until 2006 when he won a statewide election to the South Dakota Public Utilities Commission. The Kolbeck family then moved to Pierre in 2006 until the fall of 2011 when they moved back to Brandon.

Kolbeck currently serves two gubernatorial appointments: the South Dakota Housing Authority and the South Dakota Workforce Development Council through the Department of Labor. He has received gubernatorial appointments from the last three Republican governors.

He is a member of the Brandon Revolving Loan Fund Board of Directors and the Brandon/Corson Development Foundation (Corson Industrial Park) Board of Directors.  Kolbeck is a member of the Brandon and Sioux Falls Chambers of Commerce and serves on the Immerging Issues Committee for the Sioux Falls Chamber that focuses on legislation and public policy issues.  He serves on the Sioux Falls Development Foundation Board of Directors where he is the current vice president and is in line to be president. In his role with the Sioux Falls Development Foundation, Kolbeck is chairman of the Real Estate Committee and co-chair of the Talent and Workforce Committee. Kolbeck serves on the Forward Sioux Falls Board of Directors as a member of the Joint Venture Management Committee.

Kolbeck is a member of the Sioux Falls Downtown Rotary club. Kolbeck previously served on the Brandon Valley Booster Club for more than 12 years and was on the executive committee for six years, serving as president twice. He spearheaded fundraising for the new outdoor display board installed in 2020. Kolbeck also was the Brandon Valley Booster Club Volunteer of the Year in 2020.

Kolbeck is 51 years old and he and his wife Stacy have four children:  Wilson 23, Alex 21, Joe 19, and Mary 17.  All three boys graduated from Brandon Valley High School and Mary currently is a junior.  Steve is the Principal Manager for Xcel Energy-South Dakota.  Stacy is an English teacher at Brandon Valley High School.  Steve has an associate of applied science degree from Mitchell Technical College in telecommunications, a bachelor of science degree from South Dakota State University, and a master’s degree in Business Administration from Dakota Wesleyan University in Mitchell where his is also an adjunct professor.